Pdf we report the results of a survey for the presence of papaya ringspot virus prsv along the coasts of the gulf of mexico and the pacific ocean. Papaya ringspot is found at times in epidemic proportions in waianae on the dry, leeward side of the island of oahu. First, infected plants are moved from nurseries to plantations, and this can spread the disease short and long distances. Viruses of papaya in florida were reported in 1940 8 and became. New hope for control of papaya ringspot virus in hawaii. Papaya ring spot virus is the most important disease that affects papaya. The disease had not been found in indonesia, until disease outbreak in nangroe aceh darussalam was reported in 2012. In papaya, leaves develop prominent mosaic and chlorosis on the leaf lamina, and water soaked oily streaks on the petioles and upper part of the trunk. Viral diseases of cucurbits university of illinois. Prsv is grouped into papayainfecting typep prsvp and nonpapaya infecting typew prsvw. Papaya ringspot virus caused by the papaya ringspot virus prsv fig. Prsv is grouped into papaya infecting typep prsvp and non papaya infecting typew prsvw.
Papaya, carica papaya, is an herbaceous perennial in the family caricaceae grown for its edible fruit. Papaya ringspot virus prsv seriously limits papaya carica papaya l. It is threatened by the papaya ringspot virus prsv, which first reached the hawaiian islands in the 1940s. On the leaves, a green mosaic or mottled pattern is usually accompanied by malformations, including puckering, blisters, leaf distortions, and narrow leaf blades. Carifloraa papaya ringspot virus tolerant papaya for south florida and the caribbean. Electron microscopy observations of leaf dip preparations revealed flexuous filamentous particles, which were identified as. Gene technology for papaya ringspot virus disease management.
Papaya ringspot virus prv causes a deadly disease of papaya that severely reduces production and kills the plants. A better understanding of virus resistance mechanisms can offer more effective strategies to control virus diseases. A chronology of the research effort is given and related to the development of. It is the same virus described as pmv in puerto rico and india adsuar 1946, 1950, 1972. Varieties resistant to prv have some dna of this virus incorporated into the dna of the. Transgenic papayas carrying the papaya ringspot virus coat protein gene were inoculated with papaya ringspot virus. Sub sequently, the transgenic papaya variety uh sunup, which is resistant to prv, was developed to overcome this barrier to production. Review article gene technology for papaya ringspot virus.
Studies on the molecular variability in indian isolates of papaya ring spot virus. Be papaya is produced commercially in only two countries. Pdf distribution of papaya ringspot virus and papaya mosaic virus. Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature top of page two strains of papaya ringspot virus prsv are recognized. Diagnostic characteristics of papaya ringspot virus isolate.
Few results related to the control of plant viruses have been reported successfully. Pdf papaya ring spot virus prsv is one of the major obstacle for boosting papaya production in the country. Neither the department, its o ficers or employees warrant or make any representations about the. Prsvp and prsvw have been classified as strains of the same virus on the basis of morphological and serological similarities yeh et al. Development of genetically engineered resistant papaya for. Papaya ringspot was the second virus disease to be described on papaya from. It adds a powerful new tool for improving papaya production around the world. Papaya ringspot virus in the garden control and prevention. Specific ultrasensitive assays are important for the early detection of prsv in the field. Carica papaya was the first transgenic fruit tree to have its genome sequenced. Prsvresistant papaya expressing the coat protein gene cp of prsv have been used in hawaii to control prsv since 1998. Aphidtransmitted papaya ringspot virus prsv is the greatest disease threat to the commercial production of papaya worldwide.
We have developed a singletube nested pcr stnp assay to address this need. Mar 17, 2014 papaya carica papaya is severely damaged by the papaya ringspot virus prsv. Use of rnai technology to develop a prsvresistant transgenic. Uh rainbow combines the superior quality typical of hawaiis solo papayas with excellent resistance to a devastating plant virus diseasepapaya ringspot virus prsv. Coat protein cp transgenic papaya lines resistant to. Oct 11, 2018 papaya ringspot caused by papaya ringspot virus prsv is one of the most destructive diseases of papaya. Among the developing countries, india, indonesia, mexico, nigeria, and thailand are the largest papaya growing countries. The genetic diversity of prsv depends upon geographical distribution and. Papaya ringspot virus an overview sciencedirect topics. Papayas are also vulnerable to soilborne pathogens. Use of dna probe for detection of papaya ringspot virus using nucleic acid hybridization methodpapaya ringspot caused by papaya ringspot virus prsv is one of the most destructive diseases of papaya. Early detection and reporting are key elements in controlling papaya ringspot disease.
This map is for reference purposes only and the features depicted on it are approxim ate. Sep 10, 2015 the complete genome sequence 10,326 nucleotides of a papaya ringspot virus isolate infecting genetically modified papaya in hainan island of china was determined through reverse transcription rtpcr. Conover virus diseases are widespread in papaya carica papaya l. The concept of pathogenderived resistance has been employed. Papaya ringspot virus is a member of the genus potyvirus in the family potyviridae, which causes severe yield losses 20% in papaya. Papaya carica papaya is widely grown in tropical and subtropical lowland regions. Top of page two strains of papaya ringspot virus prsv are recognized.
What are the major production constraints on papaya. Ultrasensitive detection of papaya ringspot virus using. Papaya ringspot viruscarica papaya pathosystem request pdf. A chronology of the research effort is given and related. All of five viruses were present alone and mixed in the samples tested. This presentation will help in identification of disease under field conditions and strategies used for management of prsv in papaya. The p strains infect both papaya and cucurbits whereas the w strains infect only cucurbits. Papaya ringspot biosecurity zone 1 papaya ringspot biosecurity zone 2 papaya ringspot biosecurity zone map dis claimer. Characterization of papaya ringspot virus isolates infecting. However, no resistance gene against prsv has been identified to date. Mar 26, 2020 papaya ringspot virus uses ribonucleic acid as its genetic material, present in a single strand. Symptoms on papaya are somewhat similar to those on cucurbits.
Papaya ringspot virus prsv, a member of the aphidtransmitted genus potyvirus, is the cause of a destructive disease and a major limiting factor for papaya and cucurbit cultivation worldwide purcifull et al. Suppression of papaya ringspot virus infection in carica papaya with cap34, a systemic antiviral resistance inducing protein from clerodendrum aculeatum. Hawaiian farmers relied on surveying and rouging the infected trees to keep the virus from spreading to. Feb 14, 2015 papaya ring spot virus is a very important disease of papaya infecting the most popular variety, red lady. Wehnera, zvezdana pesicvanesbroeckb adepartment of horticultural science, college of agriculture and life sciences, north carolina state university, raleigh, nc 276957609, usa.
Review article gene technology for papaya ringspot virus disease management md. Pdf suppression of papaya ringspot virus infection in. The objective of this study was to survey and identify c. Trees infected with prsv develop a range of symptoms. Papaya is the mainstay of many small family farms in hawaii, and an important part of the diet and the economy of many tropical and developing countries. Inheritance of resistance to papaya ringspot virus watermelon strain in watermelon nihat guner sakata seed america, inc. Papaya ringspot virus prsv is an aphid transmitted plant virus belonging to the genus potyvirus, family. The papaya plant is treelike,usually unbranched and has hollow stems and petioles. Phyto74n09 1086 american phytopathological society. Papaya ringspot disease is a type p prsvp virus that is devastating to papaya or papaw plants. Papaya ringspot virus prsv is currently recognized as the most economically important. Papaya expressing the coat protein gene of papaya ringspot virus prsv was deregulated in 1998 and commercialized in hawaii table 1. Papaya ringspot virus prsv, potyviridae, causes severe economical losses in papaya and cucurbit production worldwide.
Evaluation of induced mutants ofpapaya ringspot virus for control by cross protection. The genetic diversity of prsv depends upon geographical distribution and the influence of prsv disease management on a sequence of prsv isolates. Complete genome sequence of papaya ringspot virus isolated. Papaya ringspot virus prsv, a member of the family potyviridae, is a positivesense singlestranded rna plant virus with a monocistronic genome of c. A current overview of the papaya meleira virus, an. Papaya pawpaw diseases and pests, description, uses. This chapter presents the experimental steps involved in the development of transgenic papaya, including. Rainbow papaya is a new hybrid variety developed by the college of tropical agriculture and human resources of the university of hawaii at manoa. There are two main types of papaya ringspot virus, one of which attacks only gourd plants and not papaya, which is called papaya ringspot virus w prsvw. All be papaya production in the united states is based on event 551. Papayas uc davis western institute for food safety and. Also, genetically engineered papaya containing the coat protein gene of papaya ringspot have been produced and initial results show that these plants are resistant to prv infection.
The papaya ringspot virus prsv is a very challenging virus to combat and prevents achieving a high productive potential in carica papaya due to the lack of resistant genes in commercial papaya cultivars such as red. Prsv is a major limiting factor to papaya production in hawaii and around the world. If you suspect you have found papaya ringspot disease in queensland outside of papaya ringspot biosecurity zone 2 pdf, 768kb report it to biosecurity queensland on 25 23 or contact the exotic plant pest hotline on 1800 084 881. Papaya ringspot virus 417 ringed spots on fruit of infected trees 25. Oct 17, 2017 papaya ringspot virus in the garden control and prevention. Efforts to select naturally occurring mild strains of papaya ringspot virus pr v by field collection or singlelesion isolation from natural virion populations were not successful. Severe symptoms often include a distortion of young leaves which. There are 2 papaya ringspot biosecurity zones, pdf, 768kb and movement restrictions are used to. Inheritance of resistance to papaya ringspot viruswatermelon. Six years have transpired since the commercialization of the transgenic papaya. Around this rna is a capsule shaped like a rod, without an outer membrane. Diagnostic characteristics of papaya ringspot virus. Virus resistant papaya support precision agriculture.
This is the second time that papaya ringspot disease has occurred on maui. Papaya ringspot virus infects papaya and cucurbits systemically. Viral inhibitors to control the papaya ringspot virus on. Pdf effect of papaya ringspot virus on growth, yield and. Cucumber mosaic virus cmv, papaya ringspot virus prsv, and zucchini yellow mosaic virus zymv were less prevalent in commercial gourd, pumpkin, and squash fields. Be papaya events 631 and x172 were never commercialized. The papaya crop is severely affected by papaya ringspot virus psrv worldwide. Abulkalamazad, 1,2 latifahamin, 1 andnikmarzukisidik 3 centre for general studies, universiti kebangsaan malaysia ukm, bangi, selangor, malaysia. Penggunaan pelacak dna untuk deteksi papaya ringspot virus. Papaya orchards throughout most of the world are severely damaged by the destructive disease caused by the papaya ringspot virus prsv. Papaya ringspot virus entered puna, hawaiis major papaya growing area, in 1992, and by 1994 all farming areas in puna, where up to 96% of hawaiis papaya crop was grown, had become infected. The complete genome sequence 10,326 nucleotides of a papaya ringspot virus isolate infecting genetically modified papaya in hainan island of china was determined through reverse transcription rtpcr. Papaya ringspot department of agriculture and fisheries. Distribution of papaya ringspot virus and papaya mosaic virus in papaya plants carica papaya in mexico.
Ringspots on papaya fruits, caused by papaya ringspot virus type p. Papaya ringspot virus university of hawaii at manoa. In 1974, the disease was found in the wailuku area of. Earlier in the growing seasons july and early august, singlevirus infections were detected. Pacific pests and pathogens fact sheets papaya ringspot 194 common name papaya ringspot scientific name papaya ringspot potyvirus type p.
The youngest leaves are often reduced to just the main veins. Pdf gene technology for papaya ringspot virus disease. Papaya ringspot virus w infecting luffa aegyptiaca in cuba. Studies on the molecular variability in indian isolates of. Resistance to papaya ringspot viruswatermelon strain. Among the viruses papaya ringspot virus prsv is a major and ubiquitous limiting factor for papaya production throughout the papaya plantation worldwide. There are 2 papaya ringspot biosecurity zones, pdf, 768kb and movement restrictions are used to minimise the spread of the virus. Papaya ringspot virus has been credited as the major factor for production losses in the puna area, which dropped from 53 million pounds of fresh. To help protect commercial papaya plants, growers may allow fields to go. The bitter desert watermelon, citrullus colocynthis l. Ricardo hernandez perez, dagoberto guillen sanchez marlene. Since then, the disease spread rapidly in most papaya growing areas in sumatera, java and bali. Papaya ringspot virus prsv, potyviridae, causes severe economical losses in. The industry was full of hope then, but it remained to be seen whether the transgenic papaya would translate this hope to a reality.
The latex oxidizes after atmospheric exposure, resulting in a sticky feature on the fruit from which the name of the disease originates. Prsv isolates belong to either one of two major strains, p or w. Among eight tested transgenic lines, clone g2 was found highly resistant to virus infection during 3 years of testing. Differential gene expression in response to papaya. It was first found in south east queensland in 1991. Virol res j 2017 volume 1 issue 1 min in a servall rc5b centrifuge followed by super speed centrifugation using se12 or. Luffa aegyptiaca sponge gourd plants showing severe leaf mosaic and deformation symptoms were observed in villa clara, cuba. Methods for screening watermelon for resistance to papaya. Papaya meleira virus pmev is the causal agent of papaya sticky disease, which is characterized by a spontaneous exudation of fluid and aqueous latex from the papaya fruit and leaves.
Papaya ringspot virusresistant prvr papaya why genetically engineer virus resistance into papaya. Papaya ringspot virus hawaii department of agriculture. Papaya carica papaya is severely damaged by the papaya ringspot virus prsv. Earliest signs of papaya ringspot virus infection appear as yellowing and veinclearing of younger leaves. Papaya production in the united states, concentrated mainly in hawaii, was declining in the 1990s due to epidemics of papaya ringspot virus. Papaya ringspot virus resistant prvr papaya why genetically engineer virus resistance into papaya. October 17, 2017 by debra ahrens 4 comments this post may contain affiliate links which wont change your price but will share some commission. May 29, 2018 papaya ringspot virus prsv of the genus potyvirus and the family potyviridae is a threat to the papaya and cucurbit industries in tropical and subtropical regions. The leaves are palmately lobed, spirally arranged and clustered at the growing tip of the trunk. Methods for screening watermelon for resistance to papaya ringspot virus typew nihat gunera, e. In response to the papaya ringspot virus outbreak in hawaii, in 1998, genetically altered papaya were approved and brought to market including sunup and rainbow varieties. Infection was monitored by evaluating symptoms and by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction rtpcr. Defining the molecular basis of host range in papaya ringspot virus prsv australia the thesis submitted to the queensland university of technology for the degree of doctor of philosophy by nishantha jayathilake cluster for molecular biotechnology science research centre, school of life sciences queensland university of technology.